BRMO Module 5 Risk-of-bias-tabel

Risk of bias table for interventions studies (cohort studies based on risk of bias tool by the CLARITY Group at McMaster University) module 5

Author, year

Selection of participants

Was selection of exposed and non-exposed cohorts drawn from the same population?

Exposure


Can we be confident in the assessment of exposure?

Outcome of interest

Can we be confident that the outcome of interest was not present at start of study?

Confounding-assessment

Can we be confident in the assessment of confounding factors? 

Confounding-analysis

Did the study match exposed and unexposed for all variables that are associated with the outcome of interest or did the statistical analysis adjust for these confounding variables?

Assessment of outcome

Can we be confident in the assessment of outcome?

Follow up


Was the follow up of cohorts adequate? In particular, was outcome data complete or imputed?

Co-interventions

Were co-interventions similar between groups?

Overall Risk of bias

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Definitely yes, probably yes, probably no, definitely no

Low, Some concerns, High

Choi, 2021

Definitely yes

Reason:

All patients fulfilling selection criteria were included

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium

Definitely yes

Reason:

Patients were only included if positive for VRE

Not applicable

Not applicable

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium. Only negative if 3 negative subsequent swabs

Definitely yes

Reason:

Data was complete

No information

Low

Davido, 2018

Definitely yes

Reason:

All patients fulfilling selection criteria were included

Definitely yes
Reason:

Culturing on selective medium

Definitely yes

Reason:

Patients were only included if positive

Not applicable

Not applicable

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium. Only negative if 2 negative subsequent swabs

Definitely yes

Reason:

Information on excluded patients is given, complete case analysis

No information

Low

Haverkate, 2014

Definitely yes

Reason:

All patients fulfilling selection criteria were included

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium

Definitely yes

Reason:

Patients were only included if positive

Not applicable

Not applicable

Probably yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium. Only negative if 2 negative subsequent swabs, time to clearance taken between discharge and readmission

Probably yes

Reason:

No information on missing data, assumed no missing data is present

No information

Some concerns

Jimenez, 2021

Definitely yes

Reason:

All patients fulfilling selection criteria were included

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium

Definitely yes

Reason:

Patients were only included if positive

Not applicable

Not applicable

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium. Only negative if 2 negative subsequent swabs

Probably yes

Reason:

No information on missing data, assumed no missing data is present

No information

Low

Lim, 2018

Definitely yes

Reason:

All patients fulfilling selection criteria were included

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium

Definitely yes

Reason:

Patients were only included if positive

Not applicable

Not applicable

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium. Only negative if 3 negative subsequent swabs

Probably yes

Reason:

No information on missing data, assumed no missing data is present

No information

Low

Nordberg, 2018

Definitely yes

Reason:

All patients fulfilling selection criteria were included

Definitely yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium

Definitely yes

Reason:

Patients were only included if positive

Not applicable

Not applicable

Probably yes

Reason:

Culturing on selective medium. Cleared if 1 negative swab

Definitely yes

Reason:

Information on missing data is reported.
Complete case analysis.

No information

Low